{
  "version": "https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1",
  "title": "DepressionResource.org",
  "home_page_url": "https://depressionresource.org/",
  "feed_url": "https://depressionresource.org/feed.json",
  "description": "Plain-language, physician-reviewed education about depression, symptoms, treatment, and crisis support.",
  "language": "en-US",
  "icon": "https://depressionresource.org/opengraph.webp",
  "favicon": "https://depressionresource.org/favicon.svg",
  "authors": [
    {
      "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
      "url": "https://shariqrefai.com",
      "avatar": "https://depressionresource.org/opengraph.webp"
    }
  ],
  "items": [
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/",
      "title": "DepressionResource | Depression. Understood.",
      "summary": "DepressionResource is an independent educational publication explaining depression symptoms, types, treatment, crisis support, and recovery in plain language.",
      "content_text": "DepressionResource is an independent educational publication explaining depression symptoms, types, treatment, crisis support, and recovery in plain language.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/find-a-therapist",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/find-a-therapist",
      "title": "How to find a therapist or psychiatrist | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "How to find a therapist or psychiatrist: a step-by-step guide to directories, insurance, cost, and making the first call, from a psychiatrist.",
      "content_text": "How to find a therapist or psychiatrist: a step-by-step guide to directories, insurance, cost, and making the first call, from a psychiatrist.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/worksheets",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/worksheets",
      "title": "Free Printable Depression Worksheets (10 PDF Downloads)",
      "summary": "Download 10 free printable depression worksheets as PDFs: behavioral activation planner, mood calendar, sleep diary, relapse prevention plan, medication log, and more.",
      "content_text": "Download 10 free printable depression worksheets as PDFs: behavioral activation planner, mood calendar, sleep diary, relapse prevention plan, medication log, and more.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/faq",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/faq",
      "title": "Depression FAQ: answers by topic | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Plain-language, physician-reviewed answers to common questions about depression: symptoms, types, treatment, crisis support, and finding care.",
      "content_text": "Plain-language, physician-reviewed answers to common questions about depression: symptoms, types, treatment, crisis support, and finding care.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/emotional-numbness",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/emotional-numbness",
      "title": "Emotional Numbness in Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression doesn't always feel sad. For many people it feels like nothing at all. A psychiatrist explains emotional numbness and what helps it lift.",
      "content_text": "Depression doesn't always feel sad. For many people it feels like nothing at all. A psychiatrist explains emotional numbness and what helps it lift.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/what-causes-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/what-causes-depression",
      "title": "What causes depression? A psychiatrist explains | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "What causes depression? A psychiatrist explains the biology, genetics, life history, and medical contributors, in plain language.",
      "content_text": "What causes depression? A psychiatrist explains the biology, genetics, life history, and medical contributors, in plain language.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/when-to-see-a-doctor-for-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/when-to-see-a-doctor-for-depression",
      "title": "When to see a doctor for depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "When should you see a doctor for depression? A psychiatrist explains the same-day red flags, the gray zone, and what the first visit involves.",
      "content_text": "When should you see a doctor for depression? A psychiatrist explains the same-day red flags, the gray zone, and what the first visit involves.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-men",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-men",
      "title": "Depression in men: presentation, risk, and treatment",
      "summary": "Depression in men often looks like irritability, anger, or withdrawal. A psychiatrist explains the presentation, the risk, and treatment.",
      "content_text": "Depression in men often looks like irritability, anger, or withdrawal. A psychiatrist explains the presentation, the risk, and treatment.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-women",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-women",
      "title": "Depression in women: lifecycle, hormones, and treatment",
      "summary": "Depression affects women at roughly twice the rate of men. A psychiatrist explains the lifecycle and hormonal factors, and how it's treated.",
      "content_text": "Depression affects women at roughly twice the rate of men. A psychiatrist explains the lifecycle and hormonal factors, and how it's treated.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-teens",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-teens",
      "title": "Depression in teens: signs, screening, and treatment",
      "summary": "Depression in teens can look like irritability or withdrawal. A psychiatrist explains the warning signs, screening, and treatment that works.",
      "content_text": "Depression in teens can look like irritability or withdrawal. A psychiatrist explains the warning signs, screening, and treatment that works.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/high-functioning-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/high-functioning-depression",
      "title": "High-Functioning Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "High-functioning depression is one of the patterns depression takes. What it looks like, how it's different from other depressions, and what to do. Reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA.",
      "content_text": "High-functioning depression is one of the patterns depression takes. What it looks like, how it's different from other depressions, and what to do. Reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/antidepressant-comparison",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/antidepressant-comparison",
      "title": "Comparing Antidepressants | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Compare antidepressant classes: SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, and more. A psychiatrist explains how clinicians choose, with side effects and cautions.",
      "content_text": "Compare antidepressant classes: SSRIs, SNRIs, bupropion, and more. A psychiatrist explains how clinicians choose, with side effects and cautions.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/stopping-antidepressants",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/stopping-antidepressants",
      "title": "Stopping Antidepressants Safely | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Stopping antidepressants safely: a psychiatrist explains tapering, discontinuation symptoms, and what to expect, so you can plan it with a prescriber.",
      "content_text": "Stopping antidepressants safely: a psychiatrist explains tapering, discontinuation symptoms, and what to expect, so you can plan it with a prescriber.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/exercise-for-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/exercise-for-depression",
      "title": "Exercise for depression: evidence, dose, and how to start",
      "summary": "Exercise has real, measured antidepressant effects. A psychiatrist explains the evidence, how much you need, and how to start when motivation is low.",
      "content_text": "Exercise has real, measured antidepressant effects. A psychiatrist explains the evidence, how much you need, and how to start when motivation is low.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/therapy-types",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/therapy-types",
      "title": "Therapy types for depression: CBT, IPT, BA, ACT, MBCT, DBT compared",
      "summary": "Therapy types for depression compared: CBT, IPT, behavioral activation, ACT, MBCT, and DBT. A psychiatrist explains what each one does best.",
      "content_text": "Therapy types for depression compared: CBT, IPT, behavioral activation, ACT, MBCT, and DBT. A psychiatrist explains what each one does best.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-statistics",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-statistics",
      "title": "Depression statistics 2026: prevalence, demographics, and trends",
      "summary": "Depression statistics for 2026: prevalence, demographics, and trends in the US, with sourced data and a psychiatrist's plain-language context.",
      "content_text": "Depression statistics for 2026: prevalence, demographics, and trends in the US, with sourced data and a psychiatrist's plain-language context.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-older-adults",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-in-older-adults",
      "title": "Depression in older adults: presentation, causes, and treatment",
      "summary": "Depression in older adults is common and treatable, not a normal part of aging. A psychiatrist explains presentation, causes, and treatment.",
      "content_text": "Depression in older adults is common and treatable, not a normal part of aging. A psychiatrist explains presentation, causes, and treatment.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-and-sleep",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-and-sleep",
      "title": "Depression and sleep: insomnia, hypersomnia, and what helps",
      "summary": "Depression and sleep are tightly linked. A psychiatrist explains insomnia, hypersomnia, and the sleep changes that support recovery.",
      "content_text": "Depression and sleep are tightly linked. A psychiatrist explains insomnia, hypersomnia, and the sleep changes that support recovery.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-and-alcohol",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-and-alcohol",
      "title": "Depression and alcohol: how they interact and what to do",
      "summary": "Alcohol and depression feed each other. A psychiatrist explains how they interact, why drinking deepens depression, and what to do about it.",
      "content_text": "Alcohol and depression feed each other. A psychiatrist explains how they interact, why drinking deepens depression, and what to do about it.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/just-diagnosed-with-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/just-diagnosed-with-depression",
      "title": "Just diagnosed with depression? What to do next | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Just diagnosed with depression? A psychiatrist walks through what the diagnosis means, the first treatment decisions, and what to expect next.",
      "content_text": "Just diagnosed with depression? A psychiatrist walks through what the diagnosis means, the first treatment decisions, and what to expect next.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/how-to-help-someone-with-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/how-to-help-someone-with-depression",
      "title": "How to help a partner with depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "How to help a partner or family member with depression: a psychiatrist explains what to say, what to avoid, and how to ask about suicide.",
      "content_text": "How to help a partner or family member with depression: a psychiatrist explains what to say, what to avoid, and how to ask about suicide.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/how-long-does-depression-last",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/how-long-does-depression-last",
      "title": "How long does depression last? | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "How long does depression last? A psychiatrist explains typical timelines with and without treatment, and what affects how fast you recover.",
      "content_text": "How long does depression last? A psychiatrist explains typical timelines with and without treatment, and what affects how fast you recover.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-vs-sadness",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/depression-vs-sadness",
      "title": "Depression vs. sadness: what’s the difference? | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression or just sadness? A psychiatrist explains how to tell normal low mood from a clinical condition, and when it's time to seek help.",
      "content_text": "Depression or just sadness? A psychiatrist explains how to tell normal low mood from a clinical condition, and when it's time to seek help.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/anhedonia",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/topics/anhedonia",
      "title": "Anhedonia: the loss of pleasure in depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or interest, a core symptom of depression. A psychiatrist explains what it feels like, why it happens, and what helps.",
      "content_text": "Anhedonia is the loss of pleasure or interest, a core symptom of depression. A psychiatrist explains what it feels like, why it happens, and what helps.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/antidepressant-withdrawal",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/antidepressant-withdrawal",
      "title": "Antidepressant Withdrawal | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Antidepressant withdrawal explained: symptoms, timeline, and how to taper safely. A psychiatrist on what discontinuation actually feels like.",
      "content_text": "Antidepressant withdrawal explained: symptoms, timeline, and how to taper safely. A psychiatrist on what discontinuation actually feels like.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/ssri-side-effects",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/ssri-side-effects",
      "title": "SSRI side effects: what's common, what passes, and what to do",
      "summary": "SSRI side effects, explained by a psychiatrist: what's common, what passes in the first weeks, what lasts, and what to do about each one.",
      "content_text": "SSRI side effects, explained by a psychiatrist: what's common, what passes in the first weeks, what lasts, and what to do about each one.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/cbt-vs-dbt",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/cbt-vs-dbt",
      "title": "CBT vs DBT for depression: how they differ, which one fits",
      "summary": "CBT vs DBT for depression: a psychiatrist explains how the two therapies differ, what each treats best, and how to choose between them.",
      "content_text": "CBT vs DBT for depression: a psychiatrist explains how the two therapies differ, what each treats best, and how to choose between them.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/tms-for-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/tms-for-depression",
      "title": "TMS for Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "TMS for depression: a psychiatrist explains how transcranial magnetic stimulation works, what a course involves, the side effects, and the evidence.",
      "content_text": "TMS for depression: a psychiatrist explains how transcranial magnetic stimulation works, what a course involves, the side effects, and the evidence.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/ketamine-and-esketamine",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/ketamine-and-esketamine",
      "title": "Ketamine for Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Ketamine and esketamine for depression: a psychiatrist explains the evidence, safety, REMS rules, cost, and who these treatments are for.",
      "content_text": "Ketamine and esketamine for depression: a psychiatrist explains the evidence, safety, REMS rules, cost, and who these treatments are for.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/light-therapy-for-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment/light-therapy-for-depression",
      "title": "Light therapy for depression: how it works, who it helps, what to buy",
      "summary": "Light therapy treats seasonal and some non-seasonal depression. A psychiatrist explains how it works, who it helps, and what light box to buy.",
      "content_text": "Light therapy treats seasonal and some non-seasonal depression. A psychiatrist explains how it works, who it helps, and what light box to buy.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools/phq-9",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools/phq-9",
      "title": "PHQ-9 depression screening test: take it and score it | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "The full PHQ-9 depression questionnaire with an interactive scorer, severity bands, a printable version, and what your score does and doesn't mean.",
      "content_text": "The full PHQ-9 depression questionnaire with an interactive scorer, severity bands, a printable version, and what your score does and doesn't mean.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools/gad-7",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools/gad-7",
      "title": "GAD-7 anxiety screening test: take it and score it | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "The full GAD-7 anxiety questionnaire with an interactive scorer, severity bands, a printable version, and what your score does and doesn't mean.",
      "content_text": "The full GAD-7 anxiety questionnaire with an interactive scorer, severity bands, a printable version, and what your score does and doesn't mean.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools/depression-test",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools/depression-test",
      "title": "Depression test (PHQ-9) | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Take the validated PHQ-9 depression screen. Nine questions, plain-language scoring, and clinician-reviewed guidance on what your score means.",
      "content_text": "Take the validated PHQ-9 depression screen. Nine questions, plain-language scoring, and clinician-reviewed guidance on what your score means.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms",
      "title": "Depression symptoms: what depression can feel like | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "What depression actually feels like, broken into its parts by a psychiatrist: emotional numbness, low motivation, sleep and appetite changes, and more.",
      "content_text": "What depression actually feels like, broken into its parts by a psychiatrist: emotional numbness, low motivation, sleep and appetite changes, and more.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types",
      "title": "Types of depression explained | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Major, persistent, postpartum, bipolar, and seasonal depression, explained by a psychiatrist, with how clinicians tell the types apart.",
      "content_text": "Major, persistent, postpartum, bipolar, and seasonal depression, explained by a psychiatrist, with how clinicians tell the types apart.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/glossary",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/glossary",
      "title": "Depression glossary | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "A plain-language glossary of depression terms, from anhedonia to remission, each defined and reviewed by a board-certified psychiatrist.",
      "content_text": "A plain-language glossary of depression terms, from anhedonia to remission, each defined and reviewed by a board-certified psychiatrist.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/resources",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/resources",
      "title": "Depression resources | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression resources: national crisis lines, treatment locators, screening tools, and a state-by-state directory, curated by a psychiatrist.",
      "content_text": "Depression resources: national crisis lines, treatment locators, screening tools, and a state-by-state directory, curated by a psychiatrist.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/major-depressive-disorder",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/major-depressive-disorder",
      "title": "Major Depressive Disorder: The Pattern, Plain-Language | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Major depressive disorder is what most people mean by depression. How MDD is diagnosed, how episodes unfold, and the treatments that work.",
      "content_text": "Major depressive disorder is what most people mean by depression. How MDD is diagnosed, how episodes unfold, and the treatments that work.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/persistent-depressive-disorder",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/persistent-depressive-disorder",
      "title": "Persistent Depressive Disorder | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Persistent depressive disorder, or dysthymia, is lower grade depression lasting two years or more. How it gets spotted and why it's worth treating.",
      "content_text": "Persistent depressive disorder, or dysthymia, is lower grade depression lasting two years or more. How it gets spotted and why it's worth treating.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/seasonal-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/seasonal-depression",
      "title": "Seasonal Depression (SAD) | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Seasonal depression returns at the same time each year, usually fall and winter. How it's diagnosed and where light therapy fits in treatment.",
      "content_text": "Seasonal depression returns at the same time each year, usually fall and winter. How it's diagnosed and where light therapy fits in treatment.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/postpartum-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/postpartum-depression",
      "title": "Postpartum Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Postpartum depression can start in pregnancy or within a year of birth. How it differs from the baby blues, how screening works, and treatment options.",
      "content_text": "Postpartum depression can start in pregnancy or within a year of birth. How it differs from the baby blues, how screening works, and treatment options.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/bipolar-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/bipolar-depression",
      "title": "Bipolar depression: how it differs from MDD | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Bipolar depression can look identical to major depression but needs different treatment. A psychiatrist explains how clinicians tell them apart.",
      "content_text": "Bipolar depression can look identical to major depression but needs different treatment. A psychiatrist explains how clinicians tell them apart.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/depression-and-grief",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/depression-and-grief",
      "title": "Depression and Grief: The Pattern, Plain-Language | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Grief is a normal response to loss, but it can deepen into depression. The signs that separate the two and when grief needs treatment of its own.",
      "content_text": "Grief is a normal response to loss, but it can deepen into depression. The signs that separate the two and when grief needs treatment of its own.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/depression-related-to-medical-illness",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/depression-related-to-medical-illness",
      "title": "Depression Related to Medical Illness: The Pattern, Plain-Language | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression is common alongside serious medical illness and can be treated at the same time. Warning signs and how the two kinds of care fit together.",
      "content_text": "Depression is common alongside serious medical illness and can be treated at the same time. Warning signs and how the two kinds of care fit together.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/depression-with-anxiety",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/depression-with-anxiety",
      "title": "Depression with Anxiety | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "More than half of people seeking care for depression or anxiety have both. How the two conditions feed each other and which treatments help each.",
      "content_text": "More than half of people seeking care for depression or anxiety have both. How the two conditions feed each other and which treatments help each.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/types/treatment-resistant-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/types/treatment-resistant-depression",
      "title": "Treatment-Resistant Depression: The Pattern, Plain-Language | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "What treatment-resistant depression actually means, why most cases that look resistant aren't, and the next-line options that work (augmentation, TMS, ketamine, ECT). Reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA.",
      "content_text": "What treatment-resistant depression actually means, why most cases that look resistant aren't, and the next-line options that work (augmentation, TMS, ketamine, ECT). Reviewed by Shariq Refai, MD, MBA.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/suicidal-thoughts",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/suicidal-thoughts",
      "title": "Suicidal Thoughts in Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Suicidal thoughts are a symptom, not a verdict. A psychiatrist explains passive and active thoughts, warning signs, and how to get help now.",
      "content_text": "Suicidal thoughts are a symptom, not a verdict. A psychiatrist explains passive and active thoughts, warning signs, and how to get help now.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/low-motivation",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/low-motivation",
      "title": "Low Motivation in Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Knowing what to do and not being able to start is a core sign of depression, not laziness. Why motivation drops and the small steps that bring it back.",
      "content_text": "Knowing what to do and not being able to start is a core sign of depression, not laziness. Why motivation drops and the small steps that bring it back.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/fatigue-and-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/fatigue-and-depression",
      "title": "Depression Fatigue: Why It Happens | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression fatigue isn't ordinary tiredness, and sleep often doesn't fix it. What causes it, how it differs from other fatigue, and what actually helps.",
      "content_text": "Depression fatigue isn't ordinary tiredness, and sleep often doesn't fix it. What causes it, how it differs from other fatigue, and what actually helps.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/sleep-changes",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/sleep-changes",
      "title": "Sleep Problems and Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Sleep is often the first thing depression changes and the last to recover. Insomnia, oversleeping, early waking, and what a psychiatrist suggests.",
      "content_text": "Sleep is often the first thing depression changes and the last to recover. Insomnia, oversleeping, early waking, and what a psychiatrist suggests.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/appetite-changes",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/appetite-changes",
      "title": "Appetite Changes in Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression can shrink appetite or push eating past full. What each pattern means, when weight change matters, and how to bring meals back on track.",
      "content_text": "Depression can shrink appetite or push eating past full. What each pattern means, when weight change matters, and how to bring meals back on track.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/loss-of-interest",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/loss-of-interest",
      "title": "Loss of Interest: What It Feels Like and What Helps | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Losing interest in things you used to enjoy, called anhedonia, is one of two core symptoms of depression. What it feels like and how it improves.",
      "content_text": "Losing interest in things you used to enjoy, called anhedonia, is one of two core symptoms of depression. What it feels like and how it improves.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/guilt-and-worthlessness",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/guilt-and-worthlessness",
      "title": "Guilt and Worthlessness in Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression brings a harsh self-criticism that ignores evidence. How to tell it apart from honest reflection, and the approaches that loosen its grip.",
      "content_text": "Depression brings a harsh self-criticism that ignores evidence. How to tell it apart from honest reflection, and the approaches that loosen its grip.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/brain-fog",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/brain-fog",
      "title": "Brain Fog and Depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression brain fog is measurable: slower thinking, weaker focus, a shorter working memory. Why it happens and practical ways to work around it.",
      "content_text": "Depression brain fog is measurable: slower thinking, weaker focus, a shorter working memory. Why it happens and practical ways to work around it.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/irritability",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/symptoms/irritability",
      "title": "Irritability: What It Feels Like and What Helps | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression can show up as a short fuse rather than sadness. Why irritability happens, how it strains relationships, and what helps it ease.",
      "content_text": "Depression can show up as a short fuse rather than sadness. Why irritability happens, how it strains relationships, and what helps it ease.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/suicide-and-crisis",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/suicide-and-crisis",
      "title": "Suicide and crisis resources | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Suicide and crisis resources. Call or text 988 anytime. A psychiatrist's guide to crisis support, what to expect, and how to help someone.",
      "content_text": "Suicide and crisis resources. Call or text 988 anytime. A psychiatrist's guide to crisis support, what to expect, and how to help someone.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/living-with-depression",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/living-with-depression",
      "title": "Living with depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Living with depression day to day: a psychiatrist's practical guide to sleep, movement, structure, work, relationships, and relapse prevention.",
      "content_text": "Living with depression day to day: a psychiatrist's practical guide to sleep, movement, structure, work, relationships, and relapse prevention.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/treatment",
      "title": "Depression treatment, explained | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression treatment, explained by a psychiatrist: therapy, antidepressants, psychiatric evaluation, and options for treatment-resistant depression.",
      "content_text": "Depression treatment, explained by a psychiatrist: therapy, antidepressants, psychiatric evaluation, and options for treatment-resistant depression.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/screening-tools",
      "title": "Depression screening tools: PHQ-9 and GAD-7 | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression and anxiety screening tools explained: the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, what the scores mean, and how a psychiatrist uses them in care.",
      "content_text": "Depression and anxiety screening tools explained: the PHQ-9 and GAD-7, what the scores mean, and how a psychiatrist uses them in care.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/safety-plan",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/safety-plan",
      "title": "Safety plan template (Stanley-Brown) | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "A free, printable safety plan for a suicidal crisis, based on the Stanley-Brown Safety Planning Intervention. Six steps with fillable fields and save-to-device.",
      "content_text": "A free, printable safety plan for a suicidal crisis, based on the Stanley-Brown Safety Planning Intervention. Six steps with fillable fields and save-to-device.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/safety-plan-template",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/safety-plan-template",
      "title": "Safety plan template (Stanley-Brown, printable) | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Printable Stanley-Brown safety plan template. Six numbered steps to fill in with someone you trust. Nothing you type is stored, transmitted, or logged.",
      "content_text": "Printable Stanley-Brown safety plan template. Six numbered steps to fill in with someone you trust. Nothing you type is stored, transmitted, or logged.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/support-person-guide",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/support-person-guide",
      "title": "Support person guide for depression | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "A practical guide for family, partners, and friends supporting someone with depression: warning signs, what to say, asking about suicide, and when to call 988.",
      "content_text": "A practical guide for family, partners, and friends supporting someone with depression: warning signs, what to say, asking about suicide, and when to call 988.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/support-person-checklist",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/support-person-checklist",
      "title": "Support person checklist (depression, printable) | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "A one-page printable checklist for partners, family, and close friends of someone with depression. What helps, what doesn't, and what to do in a crisis.",
      "content_text": "A one-page printable checklist for partners, family, and close friends of someone with depression. What helps, what doesn't, and what to do in a crisis.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    },
    {
      "id": "https://depressionresource.org/state-resources",
      "url": "https://depressionresource.org/state-resources",
      "title": "State-by-state depression resources | DepressionResource",
      "summary": "Depression resources for all 50 states and DC: crisis lines, state mental health agencies, NAMI and MHA affiliates, and treatment locators.",
      "content_text": "Depression resources for all 50 states and DC: crisis lines, state mental health agencies, NAMI and MHA affiliates, and treatment locators.",
      "date_published": "2026-03-15T12:00:00.000Z",
      "date_modified": "2026-09-24T05:10:51.090Z",
      "authors": [
        {
          "name": "Shariq Refai, MD, MBA",
          "url": "https://shariqrefai.com"
        }
      ],
      "language": "en-US"
    }
  ]
}